In a perfect world, our dogs would stick around for decades. Instead, most of us face the same heartbreak: no matter how loved and well cared for they are, their lives are far shorter than ours.

And while there is no universal rule for how long a canine will live, some breeds are known for outlasting others—though genetics is only part of the story. Lifestyle, diet, medical care and even body size can all shape a dog’s odds of reaching old age.

That size factor was highlighted in a study which found that larger canines are more likely to die younger. Researchers suggested that decades of selective breeding for bigger bodies may have unintentionally made large breeds more vulnerable to cancer. In other words, dogs’ bodies haven’t had enough time to “catch up” evolutionarily to the rapid, human-driven push toward larger size—creating what the authors call an “evolutionary lag” in natural cancer defenses.

With that in mind, Newsweek spoke to Dr. Bethany Hsia, a mobile veterinarian, about which breeds tend to live the longest and what owners can do to tilt the odds in their pup’s favor.

The Dog Breeds Most Likely To Live Longest

“Several breeds consistently appear at the top of life span lists due to their genetic predispositions and generally robust health,” Hsia said. Smaller dogs, she added, often have an advantage.

Here are the breeds she highlighted:

Chihuahua

Stock image: Two old Chihuahuas sit on the couch at home. | AaronAmat/iStock / Getty Images Plus

“These tiny companions are renowned for their long lives,” Hsia said. Many reach 14 to 16 years, and some live even longer. Their small size is strongly linked with longevity in canines.

Dachshund

Stock image: An old gray-haired dachshund stands in the middle of the room and looks to the side. | Oksana Restenko/iStock / Getty Images Plus

Dachshunds—especially miniature varieties—often live 12 to 16 years, with plenty surpassing that window. Weight management is a key factor for the breed because of their long backs and tendency toward spinal issues.

Toy Poodle

Toy and miniature poodles are known for their intelligence and staying power, typically living 12 to 16 years.

“They’re generally hardy dogs when well cared for,” Hsia said.

Stock image: A gray-and-white poodle rests at home. | Regina Potashkina/iStock / Getty Images Plus

Shih Tzu

Stock image: An old Shih Tzu pet dog walks on an alley in the park. | xalanx/iStock / Getty Images Plus

Affectionate and people-focused, Shih Tzus frequently reach 10 to 16 years. Their life span can depend heavily on respiratory health and consistent grooming.

Beagle

Stock image: A beagle dog rests peacefully in a cozy bed indoors. | Przemysław Iciak/iStock / Getty Images Plus

Though larger than the other breeds on Hsia’s list, beagles still regularly make it to 12 to 15 years. Their longevity is helped by their active nature—provided their appetite doesn’t lead to excess weight.

How To Help Your Dog Live Longer

Breed matters, but it is not destiny. Hsia said that owners can make a meaningful difference through everyday care.

She recommended:

1. Feeding a high-quality, balanced diet.
   Choose food appropriate for your dog’s age, size and activity level.
2. Going easy on treats and table scraps.
   Overfeeding is one of the fastest paths to obesity, which can shorten life span and worsen chronic disease.
3. Keeping dogs moving.
   Regular exercise supports a healthy weight, strong muscles and cardiovascular fitness. It also prevents boredom-linked behaviors.
4. Staying on top of preventive vet care.
   Routine checkups, vaccinations and parasite control help catch problems early, when they are easiest to treat.
5. Working their brains, not just their legs.
   Puzzle toys, training, sniff walks and new experiences keep canines mentally engaged and may protect against cognitive decline.
6. Giving them a safe, low-stress home.
   A comfortable environment supports well-being. Make sure your dog has a warm place to sleep, fresh water and protection from extreme weather.

“By implementing these comprehensive care strategies, owners can significantly enhance their dog’s chances of living a long, healthy and happy life,” Hsia said.

While none of us can stop the clock entirely, the combination of smart breeding choices, regular care and healthy daily habits can help canines stay with us a little longer—and make the years they do have as good as possible.