Trump — who arrives in Davos early Wednesday — told reporters before leaving Tuesday that he’ll hold a series of meetings on Greenland while there, predicting he’d strike a deal that’s “very good for everybody.” He claimed NATO would be “very happy” and that Greenlanders, who’ve protested threats of American annexation, will be “thrilled.”

NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte, who has worked to establish a close relationship with Trump, is among those expected to meet with the president one-on-one on the sidelines of the summit, sources familiar with the plans said.

Yet despite Trump’s sunny projections, he has continued to double down on his divisive demands, insisting again Tuesday that “we need” Greenland. Asked how far he was willing to go to gain control of the Arctic island, Trump said only: “You’ll find out,” before suggesting he could look at alternative options if the US Supreme Court rules against his use of tariffs.

In a statement, White House spokesperson Anna Kelly cast the US’ acquisition of Greenland as a potential boon for NATO, arguing it “becomes far more formidable and effective with Greenland in the hands of the United States, and Greenlanders would be better served if protected by the United States from modern threats in the Arctic region.”

European allies search for ways to push back

But among the US’ closest European allies, there’s still no clear consensus for how to push back should the president intensify his aggression.

“They have to respond,” said Ian Bremmer, the president of global risk assessment firm Eurasia Group. “And there’s lots of things they can do, but they have to be willing to do them with sufficient numbers and force that it makes the difference.”

The standoff set to play out over the next 48 hours underscores the seriousness with which European nations are now viewing Trump’s imperial threats amid his sustained attacks on various global leaders.

Tensions over Greenland have also forced a shift in calculation among some in Europe following a year in which most US allies sought to appease Trump rather than resist him — reasoning that in many cases it was worth acceding to his commands rather than risking direct conflict.

Workers drill at an exploration site close to the Qeqertarsuatsiaat fjord in Greenland, on September 11, 2021.

Hannibal Hanschke/Reuters

Trump has long argued Greenland is critical for US national security and valuable for its vast mineral reserves. But that push hit a new level over the last week with his vow to hit eight European countries with tariffs and his subsequent public missives against the leaders of Norway and France.

The president’s bid to penalize allies economically has prompted alarm across Europe, with officials warning that such a move could fracture the long-standing NATO alliance that encompasses 32 member states across Europe and North America.

During a speech in Davos, French President Emmanuel Macron decried the “endless accumulation of new tariffs that are fundamentally unacceptable — even more so when they are used as leverage against territorial sovereignty.”

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen used her address at the World Economic Forum, meanwhile, to call for building “a new form of European independence.”

“Threatening to impose economic sanctions means it has moved beyond an abstract issue and a diplomatic crisis into a real economic and political crisis,” said Erik Brattberg, a nonresident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council’s Europe Center. “There’s still a desire to avoid further escalation, but they also feel the need to take a stand and put their foot down.”

Within European diplomatic circles, officials have weighed a range of possible responses, beginning with the imposition of €93 billion ($109 billion) of retaliatory tariffs that the European Union postponed after reaching a trade deal with the US last year, the people familiar with the discussions said.

Military vessel HDMS Knud Rasmussen of the Royal Danish Navy patrols near Nuuk, Greenland, on January 15, 2026.

Evgeniy Maloletka/AP

Yet beyond that initial step, there is far less certainty over how best to deter Trump if he mounts a sustained campaign for Greenland. The nations could seek financial payback by stepping up sales of US treasuries or put additional restrictions on US companies. They could even limit American access to European military bases or pull out of the upcoming World Cup that Trump has frequently touted as a point of personal pride, the people familiar said.

The EU also possesses another set of harsh economic measures designed specifically to punish countries that it determines are trying to coerce the bloc. But wielding that tool — called the Anti-Coercion Instrument — would require unanimous support, and is widely seen as a tactic of last resort.

European officials instead are largely hoping Trump will take an off-ramp before it gets to that point.

Among some people around Trump, there’s a belief that he’s posturing — seeing how far he can go to get what he wants — and that there’s no appetite for military intervention. But that’s still sparked concern that Trump’s aggressive efforts could irreparably harm critical relationships.

And even as officials on both sides of the Atlantic push ahead on diplomatic routes, it remains a delicate matter given Trump’s declaration that outright ownership of Greenland is now of “psychological” importance — and a victory he increasingly craves.

“It’s trepidation,” Bremmer said, summing up the mood among European officials girding themselves for Trump’s arrival in Davos. “Nobody knows what he’s going to say — including, maybe, him.”